I am happy to report that Billy Wilder's The Apartment is a masterpiece. ...you know, just in case y'all were wondering.
I am also happy to report that each successive viewing (of which there have been many) has further solidified its place in my affections. It's wonderfully, amazingly written -- somehow, that's still an understatement -- thoughtfully and subtly shot, superbly acted, and its unique mixture of humor and earnestness (combined with Wilder's amazing gentleness in recounting the tribulations of his flawed creations) is extraordinary.
So, yes. The film's a masterpiece. But if you haven't seen it yet, leave now. The most productive use of your time at this moment is NOT to journey through my feeble, tortured attempts at analyzing Wilder's legendary tour de force. It is to go in haste and find a copy of The Apartment. And to watch it. Right. NOW. Seriously. It's easy. Netflix can hook you up. And so can Amazon Instant. So no more excuses. And you're welcome. (Besides, I'm about to dig into SPOILER territory, and the last thing I want on my conscience is to know that I ruined this film for someone. Not sure I could live with that guilt.)
This most recent time around, in addition to a deepening appreciation for its brisk pacing, its inimitable tone, and its perfectly-realized, complex characters, I was particularly struck by a pair of thoughts -- one technical, and one thematic.
The first is the superb way in which Billy Wilder -- and co-writer I.A.L. Diamond, lest we forget -- makes use of the discrepancy between knowledge held by his audience and that held by his protagonists. Some of the most emotional, suspenseful sequences in the entire film are those during which we viewers are forced to "wait for the other shoe to drop," knowing all too well the damaging ties that bind our unsuspecting heroes together.
Watching as the goofy-but-lovable C.C. Baxter (Jack Lemmon) permits his sleazy supervisor Sheldrake (Fred MacMurray) to borrow his apartment for an adulterous fling with elevator girl Fran Kubelik (Shirley MacLaine) at the very same moment that Baxter -- all unknowing -- is so eagerly anticipating Fran's arrival at a Broadway show? Brutal. Seeing Fran succumb to Sheldrake's suave but empty assurances is even more agonizing because we know how blissfully happy (and unaware) Baxter is of her attachments, and of the role he is playing in his own disillusionment (as well as hers).
During the office Christmas party -- my favorite scene in the entire film -- Fran's preoccupied response to Baxter's bowler questions go largely unnoticed ...by him. But we're on tender-hooks, knowing that her disinterest was brought on by the bombshell dropped only moments before by Sheldrake's secretary. Will he recognize her pain and reach out to comfort her, or will he continue his champagne-addled attempts to win approbation for his headgear? Moments later, we hold our breath as we wait for him to recognize Fran's broken compact. When recognition comes, the moment is rendered all the more powerful (and painful) because we can scream at the screen: "We've known it all along, darn you!" The meaning of her poignant defense of its brokenness -- "I like it that way. Makes me look the way I feel." -- is lost on him, all absorbed in the shock of discovering her Sheldraked attachment. But for the audience, it stings not only because we recognize its painful symbolism, but because we know how quickly and completely he could ease her (and our) suffering.
Despite this serious of devastating reveals, their knowledge is fundamentally disparate as the scene closes. He knows she's Sheldrake's dame; she knows Sheldrake's a liar and a cad. But the wonderful confluence that knowledge could bring is known only to we unhappy viewers, and the chance that these dear, damaged ships may pass one another in the loveless night is rendered all the more bitter by the fact that we have so clearly seen their nearness. In our minds, floodlights are sweeping; sirens, blaring. But for them, it's nothing but darkness. And Wilder's use of that frustrating divide drives much of the film's tension-filled and lengthy setup. (A notable exception to the "We Know But They Don't" rule? The fantastic Wash Room Key moment -- a moment rendered all the more gratifying because it's the first time Wilder's kept something significant from us, and the trust he's built up over the film makes the twist unexpected and wonderfully satisfying. Well worth the wait.)
The second, more thematic idea that caught me by the ear this time around is similar, come to think of it. Knowledge is the key here, as well, though it's not a technical, writerly use (or concealment) of knowledge so much as an increased understanding of the facts of the story. The film captures the key moment in Lemmon's life -- that moment when his flippant, somewhat-uncomfortable goofiness and his willing participation in the vices of his co-workers -- a glancing participation, to be sure, but a real one none the less -- is transformed by a deeper, more personal knowledge of the damage being done by the many liaisons and dalliances his apartment conceals. In the past, he has turned a blind (or worse, a self-deluding) eye to their dangers -- not because he thinks adultery is fine, morality-wise, but because he never looks (or wants to look) beyond his role as helpful, likable "taken-er." After all, nothing's quite like clawing one's way up to middle management, is it? Besides, "boys will be boys," right? And no one's really getting hurt, are they?
But they are, and deeply. You don't see much of the injured in the film, since its focus is far more on the dalliances than on their consequences. Sheldrake's secretary (and former lover) makes a significant appearance, and we see a single shot of Sheldrake's wife, if I remember correctly. We also hear a few passing references to "the little lady" or the conscience-soothing "we've drifted apart." But on the whole, the wronged or damaged parties are kept largely out of the picture.
Except for Fran. And she makes all the difference.
As he learns her story, Baxter's indifference is shattered. She is one of the dalliancees, and a miserable, broken women because of it; a willing-ish participant, but one whose relationship with Sheldrake refutes Baxter's helpfully-inaccurate categorizations. She's not careless, carefree, and unharmed; she's deeply wounded by her actions, and despairing enough to consider taking her own life. "Makes me look the way I feel," remember? After that, there's no way Baxter can hide behind his comfortable "friendly apartment provider" facade any longer. It's not simply that he's attracted to her and it stings to see her in the company of another, though that definitely colors his reactions. It's that he sees and understands her pain, realizes the causes for that pain and that he is partially to blame, and refuses to take part in her (or anyone else's) destruction any longer.
So, in that wonderful Wash Room Key moment, when he finally takes the step we've been begging him to take all along -- refusing to allow Sheldrake the use of his apartment -- he is rejecting his previous failure, and doing it because of what he now knows because of his relationship with Fran. He isn't expecting a reward, as his departure and packing make abundantly clear. He's doing it because it's the right thing, goodness-wise. In that moment, he refuses the chance to become just another Sheldrake: a man unconcerned by the damaging consequences of his actions and one who cares not for the broken human beings he leaves in his wake. Baxter has a new and transformational knowledge now: self-knowledge. Because of the time he has spent with Fran, his ability to abstractly tolerate (and even, in a way, to condone and support) his friends' failings is no longer sustainable. He's seen the consequences of their (and his own) sin, and rejects them. The apartment key's been handed out for the last time.
For Wilder the writer, knowledge is power, and the way he wields it is wonderful to behold. For Baxter, though, it's much more than power. For him, it's salvation.
